Magic

Magical Strength and Talent
While all races in The Last Sovereign have magic inside them, not everybody is born with equal amounts. Those born with greater amounts of magic can become powerful with training and dedication. Although the members of your party have strong magic, the average person is weak compared to them. An example is the worshipers of the Goddess of Magic in the slums of Yhilin, who have the magical talent to be mages, but lack power to do extensive rituals, relying on the summoning of weak demons and then destroying them to harvest their magical energy.

It also appears that not everybody has the talent to be a mage, though judging by how Robin questions Simon on why he doesn't try to learn how to be a mage it is more a matter of magical power and education. A strong warrior could be a strong mage, but they might not be suited to learning arcane magic due to the highly technical nature that goes into it. Simon for example is noted as being intelligent and with high magical power, enough to be a powerful arcane mage, but his training has consisted of martial disciplines and re-training himself totally at this point in his life would most likely be difficult and a severe time investment.

Martial

 * This type of magic is what is used by most warriors. It is not technically a form of magic, seemingly to be physical actions strengthened by a person's internal magic. The techniques they "cast" are not typically categorized into arcane, sexual, or divine, but instead seem to rely on the raw magic of the person casting them. Any race seems to be able to use martial magic, using either mana or lust as a power source. The various techniques that are used seem to amplify the natural strength, durability and agility of the user and allies or inflict harmful conditions onto enemies. Some techniques, like Varia's, seem to drain vitality from the user to be activated. Aka, Hilstara, Vhala, Varia, Uyae, Antarion, Nalili and Simon all use special abilities that use martial magic.

Arcane

 * Arcane magic is studied at various thaumaturgical institutions. It has a lot of disciplines: Potions, Alchemy, Invocation, Enchantment are only some of the subjects that can be learned. Robin, Altina, Trin, Uyae, Wynn, Sho and Riala all use arcane magic.

Sexual

 * Sexual magic is practiced by all succubi, and it seems that other races can learn some form of it. Yarra, Qum, Nalili, Riala, Trin and Simon all use sexual magic.

Divine

 * Divine magic is practiced by adherents of religions. It seems to require religious practices, rituals and a strong faith in a divine figure. The various Chosen, Carina and Vhala all use divine magic.

Humans

 * Humans in the world generally use martial, arcane, and divine magic, with the rare exception of specialists like Trin who have acquired a special power. There also seems to be some humans who utilize sexual magic, like the Aram fertility mage that is met in Eustrin.

Succubi

 * Succubi in the world are typically limited to sexual, martial and arcane magic. All succubi are born with sexual magic, but must learn how to refine that power. Nalili shows that succubi can channel lust into martial magics, but presumably it is not as popular as sexual magic. They can also learn to cast arcane magic through study, in the case of Riala. Succubi have no access to divine magic, exactly why is unknown, but the appearance of Unsuccubi, who are totally immune to divine magic due to the removal of the sexual parts of their soul, seems to imply a divine connection.

Halfings

 * Halflings in the world are similar to humans in their usage of magics.

Zirantians

 * Zirantians in the world can use arcane, martial and past civilizations of theirs have even harnessed their own form of sexual magic. The Divine Claw seems to train its disciples in a balanced fighting style of arcane and martial magic from a young age.

Dwarves

 * Dwarves in the world have been seen to use arcane magic, but not sexual or divine. It is possible that in the past that there were divine mages among the dwarves, but the worship or lack thereof of Tertia seems to imply there haven't been any for a good while. Dwarves are noted to be among the most resistant to sexual magic among the races.

Elves

 * Elves in the world presumably use martial magic and have been seen to use arcane mage. They do not draw their divine magic from Ivala but from their patron goddess The Mother instead. The presence of Lynine gives the idea that elves could use sexual magic, but she might just study it theoretically instead. Elves are also shown to be incredibly susceptible to sexual magic, which some claiming because they are the most "pure" of the races, but others like Orilise and Lynine disagree on that point.

Orcs

 * Orcs in the world are an interesting anomaly. While they cannot actively use sexual energy, they seem to be able to store it and grow larger, eventually transforming into ogres. Orcs seem to be able to use both martial and arcane magic, but they also don't seem to use mana or lust to use them. Neither Orcent nor Grubbak have any costs to their special abilities, but orcs do take more damage from any attack that hits them.

Disciplines of magic

 * Invocation is magic brought into the world for destruction purposes.
 * Enchantment is binding power to an object regardless of the source.
 * Embodied magic is the study of how magical auras are generated by physical creatures and the subsequent interactions.
 * Necromancy
 * Demon Summoning
 * Teleportation
 * Warding

Weird Magic
In the course of the game Simon is able to encounter several strange varieties of magic and magic users in the world.
 * Qum - Qum Dumpe is a outright odd succubus with the ability to see magic. This ability allows her to be a magical savant.
 * Trin - Trin is a slave mage with an unusual and powerful ability, the power to break off pieces of weak-willed targets' souls and make physical copies of them which she can control.
 * Varia - Varia's magical ability is strange in that she has no control over it. In cases where there's any chance that she could not be harmed by a dangerous event, she will be totally unharmed. Even when she has no chance to escape harm, she will be miraculously less harmed than she should be.
 * Ginasta - An extremely powerful warrior, Ginasta has powerful magic that is seemingly able to break the laws of magic. She also appears to be immune to magic that attempts to tamper with her soul, even that on the level of an Incubus King.
 * Stark - An orc who is met as a severed head, despite evidence to the contrary, he is not dead due to his overwhelming life force. It's unknown how long Stark was only a head before he was discovered, but it doesn't seem like he can regenerate the rest of his body. He can also talk despite having no lungs, presumably thanks to magic.
 * Alonon - The King of Ardoheim is an enigma. He can see through magical deceptions, even strong ones like the magic that hides Simon's essence, and can seemingly teleport people with leaving any magical traces. His powers can be assumed to originate from the the mysterious Tower he encountered.

Magical Phenomena
The types of magic do not always remain distinct in the case of "superreal phenomena":